These variants, the Italic and Roman forms, were derived from the Caroline Script version. Road sign in Ireland, showing the Irish 'Latin alpha' form of 'a' in lower and upper case forms.ДЎ5th-century Italy saw the formation of the two main variants that are known today. The Romans later adopted the Etruscan alphabet to write the Latin language, and the resulting letter was preserved in the Latin alphabet that would come to be used to write many languages, including English. The Etruscans brought the Greek alphabet to their civilization in the Italian Peninsula and left the letter unchanged. In the earliest Greek inscriptions after the Greek Dark Ages, dating to the 8th century BC, the letter rests upon its side, but in the Greek alphabet of later times it generally resembles the modern capital letter, although many local varieties can be distinguished by the shortening of one leg, or by the angle at which the cross line is set. When the ancient Greeks adopted the alphabet, they had no use for a letter to represent the glottal stop-the consonant sound that the letter denoted in Phoenician and other Semitic languages, and that was the first phoneme of the Phoenician pronunciation of the letter-so they used their version of the sign to represent the vowel /a/, and called it by the similar name of alpha. In turn, the ancestor of aleph may have been a pictogram of an ox head in proto-Sinaitic script influenced by Egyptian hieroglyphs, styled as a triangular head with two horns extended. The earliest certain ancestor of 'A' is aleph (also written 'aleph), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet, which consisted entirely of consonants (for that reason, it is also called an abjad to distinguish it from a true alphabet).

4.3 Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets.

4.2 Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations.

4.1 Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet.

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